Additional annual revenue is approximately capacity × equivalent full-load hours × AC uplift × realised energy value. At 1 MWp, 1,400 hours and 7.36% uplift, every RM0.01/kWh changes year-one gross revenue by about RM1,030. Higher resource and higher tariff compound the value, while clipping and curtailment reduce it.
Key takeaways
- Tariff and solar resource multiply the same uplift.
- Use equivalent full-load hours consistently.
- Model realised—not advertised—energy value.
- Show a two-variable sensitivity table.
Use one transparent equation
For a quick screen, annual baseline energy equals MWp multiplied by equivalent full-load hours. Multiply by the incremental AC percentage and the energy value. The formula allows an asset owner to test the opportunity without hiding assumptions in a black box.
For bankable work, replace the annual shortcut with hourly production and settlement. Time-of-day prices, losses, export constraints and BESS dispatch can make one kilowatt-hour worth more or less than another.
Peak sun hours versus equivalent full-load hours
Peak sun hours often describes daily solar irradiation expressed as hours at 1 kW/m². Annual equivalent full-load hours describe energy produced per kWp after system performance. They are related but not identical. The calculator's 1,400-hour input is a simplified annual AC-yield assumption.
Use the accepted project P50/P90 energy forecast for investment decisions. Label every number so readers know whether it is irradiation, DC specific yield or AC exported yield.
Tariff sensitivity in Malaysia
At the Malaysia base assumption, 103 MWh of year-one incremental energy × RM0.20/kWh equals RM20,608. At RM0.15/kWh it would be about RM15,456; at RM0.25/kWh about RM25,760, before O&M, losses or degradation.
Corporate supply, LSS, self-consumption and merchant arrangements can settle incremental energy differently. Use the net energy value after applicable access charges, losses, curtailment and contract terms.
Build a useful sensitivity table
Place low, base and high equivalent full-load hours on one axis and low, base and high tariffs on the other. Run the downside AC-uplift case first. Add a second table for different clipping or curtailment levels.
This reveals whether the investment depends on one optimistic market input or remains viable across plausible conditions.
Frequently asked questions
Questions asset owners and EPCC teams ask
Why does the website use 1,400 hours?+
It is an editable Malaysia screening assumption used to make the revenue calculation visible. The project model should use its accepted energy forecast.
Can I use the published PPA tariff directly?+
Only if it represents the net value of incremental delivered energy under the contract. Check losses, charges, curtailment and settlement boundaries.
Sources and further reading
External technical and policy links are provided for due diligence. Supplied-reference project claims should be verified against full reports before investment use.
Engineering and investment note: This article is educational content, not a performance guarantee, tender interpretation or investment recommendation. Project results depend on site geometry, measured conditions, equipment, contracts and final engineering.
